That being said, I'd make the case that the references attached to the half-lives that you're talking about give the conditions under which those half-lives were obtained. DMacks 06:02, 24 July 2007 (UTC) Yes, the rate equation is dependent on the amount of the reactant present. For caffeine, we're talking about biological half-life. The time necessary to metabolize one half a mass of caffiene is going to be highly dependant on how much caffiene is actually present, and any time listed should be qualified with a range of mass it applies to.- Joshbw 04:56, 24 July 2007 (UTC) Radioactive half-life is just one specific example of exponential decay, a fairly common mathematical relationship seen in many branches of science. Further, In terms of it being metabolized by the body, this is a chemical reaction and relies very heavily on the concentrations and volumes of the various chemicals involved in the reaction. Caffiene does not have a half life in this sense, as it is not radioactive, so I believe the use of half-life to be incorrect. First, half life is a specific scientific term to discus the period necessary for half of a mass of substance to suffer radioactive decay. I believe the use of half life to be incorrect here. The reduction in adenosine activity results in increased activity of the neurotransmitter dopamine, largely accounting for the stimulatory effects of caffeine." dil 13:47, 7 March 2007 (UTC) Therefore, caffeine acts as a competitive inhibitor. The caffeine molecule is structurally similar to adenosine, and binds to adenosine receptors on the surface of cells without activating them (an "antagonist" mechanism of action). To quote the article as it stands now: "Once in the brain, the principal mode of action of caffeine is as an antagonist of adenosine receptors found in the brain. dil 20:55, 15 December 2006 (UTC) In the book, The World Of Caffeine by Weinberg and Bealer, they say that "scientists are still unsure as to what degree and what respects caffeine's metabolites are responsible for its effects, although most would agree that its methylxanthine products contribute to the physical and mental stimulation which are the hallmark of caffeine consumption." Teloscientist 03:54, 7 March 2007 (UTC) Interesting - I'd like to see a reference on that one. Therefore the stimulant effects would be lessened as conversion to the metabolites and the eventual rate of clearance is increased. The activity of CYP1A2 (the cytochrome P450 enzyme that metabolizes caffeine via dealkylation at the nitrogens as shown in the article) is enhanced by nicotine. In terms of metabolism, I believe the stimulant effects of caffeine are a result of caffeine itself, not the result of one of its metabolites. all at once methods of drinking coffee to maximize caffeine performance. at one point i was told that cigarettes increase the amount of caffeine the body is able to metabolism - is the case just that smoking makes the body process it faster and thus get a bigger (but faster) rush? JoeSmack Talk 17:54, 15 December 2006 (UTC) Not sure on the slow and steady vs. I also see down there that smoking increases the metabolism, shortening the half life of caffeine. if a coffee drinker drinks coffee more slowly, are they getting more caffeine from it or giving a longer plateau of caffeinated time? the body can obviously only absorb so much caffeine at one time, like say, nicotine. i have a question or two regarding caffeine and metabolism. If not removed, it should be reworded for clarity. Otherwise, the "3 times a day" should be removed. And in fact, the research indicates that the groups this research was done on received the entire dosage in one go. Is this talking about a person who takes 400mg of caffeine each time they take it, and they take it three times per day, for a total of 1200mg in a day? No, the actual article only mentions 400mg and 300 mg, respectively, used in one day. I am not sure who wrote this, but the original research that this is based on does not mention anything about "3 times a day," and as such, the entire "3 times a day" part is very confusing. Complete tolerance to subjective effects of caffeine was observed to develop after consuming 300 mg 3 times per day for 18 days, and possibly even earlier." In this section, the following is listed: "Complete tolerance to sleep disruption effects of caffeine develops after consuming 400 mg of caffeine 3 times a day for 7 days.
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It appears the rainfall trend has continued from the summer months into September, as the region has already exceeded average rainfall just 18 days in. "We turned away a lot of people because they had no previous canoe or kayak experience." "This area being a family-style recreational river, more for relaxation and checking out the scenery and taking in a nice casual day up there, it does hurt us," Sweeney said. Sweeney explained Chamberlain Canoes follows National Park Service recommendations when making decisions about water levels and the water was too high during most of August. With the rain, temperatures never came up and I would say August was about 50 percent of what we normally do.Įven if the rain itself did not drive clients away, there were many times this summer Sweeney found himself turning away potential clients because the rivers were too dangerous. "Usually, we have good temperatures and the water temperature is up into the mid 80s, just great for being out on the river. For Sweeney, the month of August was particularly difficult. For Sweeney, who has been in the business for more than 30 years, the rain and water levels combined to make this one of the worst summers in memory. While the region has been spared from flooding, rivers and waterways still experienced increased water levels. The increased amount of moisture is caused by a deep, tropical flow of air coming from the Pacific Ocean - which Gelber said is unusual. Gelber explained that higher than average rain in early summer months can lead to wet and muggy summers like the one residents just experienced. In total, the Stroudsburg region received 19.26 inches of rainfall this summer. We're no longer talking top-10, we're getting into the highest percentile," Gelber said. "We have records that go back to 1911 and this is the third wettest August on record. 2018 the only years with more rainfall were 2011 when 13.97 inches fell and 1955 where rainfall exceeded 15 inches. Rainfall totals exceeded averages every month this summer and were more than double the average during August.Ī total of 10.07 inches of rain fell during Aug. "Everybody that is in the rental business was severely impacted by the higher than average water levels."Īccording to Ben Gelber, meteorologist, summer 2018 was the rainiest summer in state history and the sixth rainiest for the Stroudsburg region. Especially, July and August," said Brad Sweeney, manager of Chamberlain Canoes. "We were severely impacted by the higher water levels this year. While rushing waters and rapids may sound like a thrill seekers' dream, the increased precipitation has produced one of the worst summers in memory for river rental companies. (AP) - With rainfall totals 50 percent higher than average, the region endured one of the wettest summers in history during 2018. |
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